August, 2023

June, 2023

May, 2023

May, 2023

April, 2023

April, 2023

April, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

January, 2023

December, 2022

December, 2022

December, 2022

November, 2022

August, 2022

June, 2022

March, 2022Study shows that congestive heart failure is the most common cause of pleural effusion in cats

December, 2021RCVS knowledge summary concludes that ventricular tachycardia may be associated with an increase in mortality rates in patients with GDV

November, 2021Implementation of a formal debriefing tool after performing CPR can enable formal identification of the strengths and weaknesses of resuscitation teams and has shown to improve training and care for cardiac arrest patients in people

September, 2021A total of 58.3% of dogs receiving closed chest CPR sustained iatrogenic complications

June, 2021Gallbladder wall oedema (GBWO), also referred to as the gallbladder halo sign, may be caused by cardiac disease in both dogs and cats and the observation of GBWO during AFAST should prompt the clinician to include echocardiography into their investigation

May, 2021The 5th intercostal space left lateral thoracotomy is preferred for most manipulations required for open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in medium-sized dogs

April, 2021Two radiographic methods for assessing left atrial enlargement and cardiac remodelling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease are compared for diagnostic accuracy

April, 2021New study establishes reference intervals for thoracic radiographic assessment, echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers in healthy kittens and reported that the vertebral heart score (VHS) was higher than previously reported for healthy adult cats

April, 2021A new method of radiographic assessment of left atrial size in dogs is introduced called the modified vertebral left atrial size (M-VLAS) which identifies left atrial enlargement more accurately than existing methods

March, 2021Latest randomised controlled trial concludes that although pimobendan appears safe in cats with HCM, no benefit on 180-day outcome was identified

February, 2021Latest randomised controlled trial concludes that although pimobendan appears safe in cats with HCM, no benefit on 180-day outcome was identified

February, 2021A study in healthy adult Chihuahuas show that breed specific references for radiographic vertebral heart score (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VALS) are needed

February, 2021A radiographic study of breed-specific vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size in Chihuahuas

February, 2021Pericardial catheters appear to offer a safe alternative to needle pericardiocentesis and their use was not associated with a higher rate of arrhythmias compared to needle pericardiocentesis alone

January, 2021Lung ultrasound could be considered a practical alternative to repeated thoracic radiography for the monitoring of left sided congestive heart failure in dogs

January, 2021Systematic review into the conservative and surgical management of pericardial effusions in dogs concludes that there is not yet sufficient good quality evidence to recommend one treatment option rather than another

December, 2020The administration of pimobendan to cats with cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure did not demonstrate a survival benefit but appears well tolerated, regardless of the presence of outflow tract obstruction

October, 2020Vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) is a repeatable radiographic measurement for quantifying left atrial size and does not appear to be affected by bodyweight, age or sex

October, 2020Doberman Pinschers with overt dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have shorter survival times and higher risk of cardiac-related death than those without AF

September, 2020Torasemide was shown to be effective and safe to use in cats with congestive heart failure (CGF) as a first-line and second-line loop diuretic treatment

September, 2020Torasemide is shown to be noninferior to furosemide as first line oral (PO) treatment for new onset congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) in dogs. It also has the advantage of increased owner compliance (due to once daily dosing) and less than half the risk of cardiac death, euthanasia or worsening CHF compared to furosemide

August, 2020FOCUS evaluation of basic cardiac structure and LA:Ao by trained emergency clinicians improved accuracy of diagnosis compared to physical examination in cats with respiratory distress

August, 2020First report to describe the successful use of amiodarone in a cat experiencing persistent ventricular tachycardia, having been resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) secondary to ventricular fibrillation

July, 2020Myocardial cell injury, reflected by increased cTnI concentrations and Ventricular arrhythmias are common after European adder (V berus) envenomation in dogs. Prolonged electrocardiography monitoring is advised, particularly where cTnI is increased but arrhythmias appear to be well tolerated in this population of dogs with 92% resolving without anti-arrhythmic therapy

July, 2023

July, 2023

June, 2023

April, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

February, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

November, 2022

October, 2022

October, 2022Study finds that although complications of feeding tubes in cats were frequent, they were mostly mild, easily managed and did not preclude feeding tube use

August, 2022

July, 2022

April, 2022Large study in cats confirms that stress hyperglycaemia is associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and seems to be a negative prognostic indicator in sick non-diabetic cats

February, 2022A large study of dogs and cats admitted to an ER demonstrated that substantial increases in plasma lactate over the 6 hours following admission were associated with high mortality and a delta lactate > 4.5 mmol/L was 100% specific for death

January, 2022Dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis and other causes of surgically treated sepsis with a quick sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment score (qSOFA) ≥ 2 may have a higher risk of in-hospital mortality

December, 2021Study shows that vasoconstrictive shock is more common than vasodilatory shock in dogs with anaphylaxis

November, 2021Implementation of a formal debriefing tool after performing CPR can enable formal identification of the strengths and weaknesses of resuscitation teams and has shown to improve training and care for cardiac arrest patients in people

November, 2021Clothes dryer-induced heat stroke in three cats

October, 2021Case report describes two fatalities caused by misplaced nasogastric feeding tubes and highlights both the risk factors for feeding tube complications and the methods to prevent future fatalities

October, 2021Study describes the clinicopathological findings, management and outcome of 11 cats with refeeding syndrome (RS) following prolonged starvation.

September, 2021A total of 58.3% of dogs receiving closed chest CPR sustained iatrogenic complications

July, 2021Bolus fluid resuscitation effectively increases blood pressure in hypotensive cats; however, it does not result in normalisation of blood pressure, heart rate, or body temperature in the majority of cases

June, 2021Study shows that serial lactate concentration is superior to single admission lactate concentration in predicting mortality in dogs with shock and questions the ability of the APPLEfast score to discriminate between hospital survivors and non survivors in this population of dogs

May, 2021The 5th intercostal space left lateral thoracotomy is preferred for most manipulations required for open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in medium-sized dogs

May, 2021Despite a higher baseline risk of mortality, no difference in survival was found in dogs with septic shock treated with hydrocortisone versus those not treated

May, 2021Study suggests early antibiotic administration and enteral nutrition are important determinants of outcome in canine septic shock

May, 2021No difference was found in the rate of resolution of signs between dogs treated with diphenhydramine alone vs in combination with dexamethasone sodium phosphate (SP) as part of initial treatment for the uncomplicated allergic reaction

April, 2021The commonly used SIRS criteria may not be good for identifying dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome that are in need of antimicrobial treatment, in particular when they are hypovolaemic

March, 2021In dogs with presumptive sepsis, hypophosphataemia was not associated with outcome

March, 2021Azotaemic dogs receiving haemodialysis have a higher risk of oesophagostomy tube complications most probably relating to the presence of a neck bandage and associated poor stoma site hygiene

February, 2021Anaphylaxis-related hemoperitoneum in 11 dogs

February, 2021A study showed that the frequency of AFAST fluid positive sites was much higher than expected in healthy adult dogs. This may have implications for the interpretation of these scores in the clinical setting

February, 2021Fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or a three-fold greater volume of isotonic crystalloid solution resulted in significant changes in both standard coagulation parameters and ROTEM assays in dogs presenting with spontaneous haemoperitoneum and the ROTEM effects were more pronounced after HES

December, 2020Blood samples analysed for lactate after a delay of greater than 7.5 minutes at room temperature in dogs should be interpreted with caution

December, 2020Finding a cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration above the current reference interval (>2.5 mmol/l) in dogs with seizures, may be a useful, rapid way to identify dogs at risk for structural epilepsy

December, 2020Shock Index is associated with mortality in canine vehicular trauma patients and can help clinicians identify critical patients that require more intensive monitoring and intervention

December, 2020The rectal-interdigital temperature gradient (RITG) may serve as a diagnostic marker of circulatory shock in dogs

November, 2020

September, 2020Non diabetic dogs evaluated in the emergency room (ER) with shock or hyperlactataemia had higher blood glucose (BG) values than those with normal perfusion and plasma lactate concentrations suggesting the existence of physiologic stress hyperglycaemia in this species

August, 2020Hypotensive dogs and cats with severe azotaemia have lower plasma lactate concentrations compared to hypotensive non-azotaemic dogs and cats which may have implications when using lactate as a guide for resuscitation and vasopressor therapy

August, 2020A new technique of endoscopic placement of a 2 step oesophageal/jejunal (OJ) feeding tube is described and can be recommended as a method for early nutritional support in dogs with severe uraemia

August, 2020Clinically relevant dose of hypertonic saline (7.5% NaCl) at 5 ml/kg does not affect whole blood coagulation significantly in healthy beagles

August, 2020High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC ) oxygen therapy may have a role as a non-invasive respiratory support modality that can bridge the gap between traditional oxygen supplementation and invasive mechanical ventilation

August, 2020Application of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy during recovery from anaesthesia, in dogs with obstructive upper airway breathing, may result in improved airflow during times of somnolent obstructive breathing

August, 2020First report to describe the successful use of amiodarone in a cat experiencing persistent ventricular tachycardia, having been resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) secondary to ventricular fibrillation

May, 2023

May, 2023

April, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

December, 2022

December, 2022

December, 2022

November, 2022

September, 2022

August, 2022

July, 2022

March, 2022Resolution of lung consolidations on lung ultrasound and normalisation of C-reactive protein concentrations seem to be the monitoring tools that most closely follow clinical findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia in dogs

December, 2021RCVS knowledge summary concludes that computed tomography is likely sufficient for the diagnosis and surgical planning of intervertebral disc disease in Dachshunds

November, 2021New study describes the CT findings, management and short-term outcome of a large population of canine pyothorax cases and reports that mortality is low and that most dogs that died, did so within 48 hours of hospitalisation regardless of management type

November, 2021An increase in the length difference between kidneys can indicate ureteral obstruction, but cannot predict outcome for “big kidney, little kidney” (BKLK) cats

October, 2021Absence of significant renal pelvis dilation does not rule out ureteral obstruction in cats

June, 2021Gallbladder wall oedema (GBWO), also referred to as the gallbladder halo sign, may be caused by cardiac disease in both dogs and cats and the observation of GBWO during AFAST should prompt the clinician to include echocardiography into their investigation

June, 2021Value of thoracic and abdominal screening in dogs with neurological signs

June, 2021Mild splenomegaly should be expected in cats following i/m sedation with alfaxalone 2 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg

June, 2021Study showed that only 17.1% of cats and dogs with small intestinal dilation, regardless of severity of dilation or extent of small intestine affected, resolved with medical management alone

May, 2021In cats presenting with urethral obstruction, survey radiography performed before unobstructing the urethra helps identify causes and locations for urethral obstruction, compared with survey radiography performed after unobstructing the urethra

May, 2021Gorilla Glue ingestion found to be an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs with a radiographic appearance that is similar to undigested kibble

May, 2021Thoracic ultrasonography might offer a safe, rapid and relatively accurate diagnostic test for diagnosis of angiostrongylosis in young adult dogs with respiratory distress living in endemic areas

April, 2021Two radiographic methods for assessing left atrial enlargement and cardiac remodelling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease are compared for diagnostic accuracy

April, 2021New study establishes reference intervals for thoracic radiographic assessment, echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers in healthy kittens and reported that the vertebral heart score (VHS) was higher than previously reported for healthy adult cats

April, 2021A new method of radiographic assessment of left atrial size in dogs is introduced called the modified vertebral left atrial size (M-VLAS) which identifies left atrial enlargement more accurately than existing methods

April, 2021Early computed tomography (CT) in dogs following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has limited value in predicting short-term prognosis

March, 2021Vet BLUE, when performed by vets with basic training has a good overall specificity but poor sensitivity for the detection of alveolar-interstitial syndrome (AIS) when compared to CT

February, 2021A study in healthy adult Chihuahuas show that breed specific references for radiographic vertebral heart score (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VALS) are needed

February, 2021The utility of abdominal ultrasound for the detection of grossly identifiable lesions in dogs with non-traumatic haemoperitoneum appears limited

February, 2021A radiographic study of breed-specific vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size in Chihuahuas

February, 2021The finding of a peripheral hypoechoic band associated with central emphysema in a non-collapsed lung on ultrasound is strongly suggestive of lung lobe torsion

February, 2021A study showed that the frequency of AFAST fluid positive sites was much higher than expected in healthy adult dogs. This may have implications for the interpretation of these scores in the clinical setting

January, 2021Lung ultrasound could be considered a practical alternative to repeated thoracic radiography for the monitoring of left sided congestive heart failure in dogs

January, 2021Association of magnetic resonance assessed disc degeneration and late clinical recurrence in dogs treated surgically for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions

January, 2021Aspiration pneumonia should be suspected in cats with a concurrent history of gastrointestinal disease presenting with tachypnoea of short duration

December, 2020Computed tomography in two recumbencies aids the identification of pulmonary bullae in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax

November, 2020Lung ultrasound has a high sensitivity for diagnosis of pulmonary contusions when compared to “gold standard” thoracic CT in dogs with vehicle trauma

November, 2020Large study provides estimates for the prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy and structural epilepsy in dogs undergoing MRI for the investigation of epileptic seizures

October, 2020Vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) is a repeatable radiographic measurement for quantifying left atrial size and does not appear to be affected by bodyweight, age or sex

October, 2020Transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter is a non-invasive, low cost method that may serve as an additional tool to help identify cats with intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) where invasive measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) is contraindicated or unavailable

September, 2020Pneumocolonography (infusion of air into the rectum) is a simple, rapid, low morbidity test that can be done in cases of suspected colonic torsion in dogs. Many cases will show an abrupt tapering of the large bowel but it may be of minimal diagnostic value in mild cases

August, 2020FOCUS evaluation of basic cardiac structure and LA:Ao by trained emergency clinicians improved accuracy of diagnosis compared to physical examination in cats with respiratory distress

July, 2020No single clinical sign, radiographic finding or laboratory diagnostic test can be used to distinguish between feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

August, 2023

August, 2023

July, 2023

July, 2023

July, 2023

June, 2023

June, 2023

June, 2023

June, 2023

June, 2023

June, 2023

May, 2023

May, 2023

May, 2023

April, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

February, 2023

February, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

November, 2022

October, 2022Study shows that neonatal survival following c-section in brachycephalic dogs is higher than what has been previously reported and is similar to non-brachycephalic dogs

September, 2022Questionnaire based study calculates the risk of caesarean section in lesser known breeds with some surprising results

August, 2022

July, 2022

July, 2022

July, 2022

July, 2022

July, 2022

June, 2022Following successful initial medical or surgical treatment, clinical signs consistent with recurrent cervical disc extrusion occurred with similar frequency in dogs

June, 2022Cats undergoing spinal decompressive surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) appear to have a favourable prognosis independent of the initial presenting grade of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)

June, 2022Study investigates fertility after caesarean section in dogs

May, 2022

March, 2022Study demonstrated that a high survival-to-discharge rate can be achieved in dogs requiring surgery for treatment of an oesophageal foreign body

January, 2022Dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis and other causes of surgically treated sepsis with a quick sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment score (qSOFA) ≥ 2 may have a higher risk of in-hospital mortality

January, 2022Study suggests that in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign bodies, if increased heart rate or a greater vomiting severity score with the inability to retain water is identified in the presurgical work-up, the clinician should have an increased index of suspicion for poor intestinal viability and the need for enterectomy versus enterotomy

December, 2021RCVS knowledge summary concludes that ventricular tachycardia may be associated with an increase in mortality rates in patients with GDV

December, 2021RCVS knowledge summary concludes that computed tomography is likely sufficient for the diagnosis and surgical planning of intervertebral disc disease in Dachshunds

December, 2021An RCVS knowledge summary concluded that overall, there was not sufficient evidence reporting if timing of surgical intervention influenced the mortality rate in dogs and cats with traumatic diaphragmatic rupture and therefore currently clear recommendations cannot be made

December, 2021A standard approach to leak testing in dogs may not be ideal as a cadaveric study demonstrated that the volume of saline required to reach maximum intraluminal peristaltic pressure of 25mmHg peristaltic pressure is greater in dogs >20kg versus dogs <20kg

November, 2021In dogs affected by GDV, fluid resuscitation with an intravenous bolus of either 10 ml/kg hydroxyethylene starch (130/0.4) 4ml/kg hypertonic saline (7.5%) caused a similar tendency toward hypocoagulability

October, 2021A preliminary study of canine acute spontaneous haemoperitoneum did not identify a significant difference in the ability to achieve cardiovascular stabilisation in the first 12 hours in dogs that underwent early surgical intervention versus those that were managed medically however, a significantly higher proportion of early surgical cases were discharged from hospital

October, 2021Probing the spaces between suture bites of canine cadaveric intestinal anastomoses using a fine tipped curved Hartmen mosquito haemostat was highly sensitive at detecting gaps compared with leak testing and offers surgeons an alternative to detect suture gaps that may contribute to postoperative dehiscence

September, 2021For dogs undergoing caesarean section, obstructive dystocia and anaesthesia time were associated with increased neonatal mortality rate indicating that expediency in decision making and prompt entry into the operating room are critical for success

August, 2021Intraoperative leak testing of small intestinal enterotomy closures may be rendered more sensitive and precise by the use of air instead of saline as the infusate

June, 2021Short-term recurrence of pneumothorax in dogs with primary spontaneous pneumothorax may be due to failure to identify causative lesions during the initial thoracic exploration

June, 2021Intestinal resection and anastomosis is associated with a higher risk of intestinal dehiscence than enterotomy in the surgical management of intestinal obstruction secondary to foreign body ingestion

May, 2021The 5th intercostal space left lateral thoracotomy is preferred for most manipulations required for open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in medium-sized dogs

May, 2021Cats with septic peritonitis that survive the postoperative period have a favourable prognosis

May, 2021Gorilla Glue ingestion found to be an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs with a radiographic appearance that is similar to undigested kibble

May, 2021No association found between intraoperative anastomotic leak testing and a reduction in postoperative dehiscence in dogs undergoing hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) or functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) of the small intestine

April, 2021Dogs with biliary rupture based on ultrasound findings may have normal total serum bilirubin values

March, 2021Case report describes caecal inversion as a cause of ileocolic intussusception in a 2 year old dog

March, 2021A novel method of laparotomy-assisted transoral retrieval of gastrointestinal foreign bodies is described and may provide an alternative to gastrotomy in carefully selected cases

February, 2021The finding of a peripheral hypoechoic band associated with central emphysema in a non-collapsed lung on ultrasound is strongly suggestive of lung lobe torsion

February, 2021Double layer suture closure of canine partial gastrectomy was shown to achieve superior biomechanical properties compared to a stapled closure technique in a cadaver model. Reinforcement of single staple closures with an inverting Cushings suture pattern is recommended to improve resistance to leakage

February, 2021Pericardial catheters appear to offer a safe alternative to needle pericardiocentesis and their use was not associated with a higher rate of arrhythmias compared to needle pericardiocentesis alone

January, 2021Association of magnetic resonance assessed disc degeneration and late clinical recurrence in dogs treated surgically for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions

January, 2021A staged technique of immediate decompressive and delayed surgical treatment of dogs with GDV reported a similar mortality rate (9%) to those from dogs undergoing immediate surgery but cannot be widely recommended but until definitive preoperative markers of gastric necrosis have been identified

January, 2021Systematic review into the conservative and surgical management of pericardial effusions in dogs concludes that there is not yet sufficient good quality evidence to recommend one treatment option rather than another

January, 2021Earlier surgical treatment of stabilised dogs with gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction may reduce the requirement for complex procedures and may accelerate recovery

November, 2020In dogs undergoing splenectomy, a liver biopsy taken from grossly normal liver is a low-yield diagnostic test but liver biopsy is recommended following splenectomy if the liver appears abnormal at surgery

October, 2020In dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion, an intravenous injection of morphine does not affect the modified Frankel score after 30 min compared with the pre-injection value

October, 2020Dry-needle acupuncture performed prior to surgery helps to decrease perioperative analgesic use and to may improve the quality of perioperative analgesia in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE)

September, 2020An aortic oesophageal fistula (AEF) should be considered in any patient with severe bleeding following oesophagoscopy. A history of haematemesis in a dog with an oesophageal foreign body should raise suspicion of the presence of an AEF and dictate case management accordingly

September, 2020Pneumocolonography (infusion of air into the rectum) is a simple, rapid, low morbidity test that can be done in cases of suspected colonic torsion in dogs. Many cases will show an abrupt tapering of the large bowel but it may be of minimal diagnostic value in mild cases

August, 2020Dramatic neurological deterioration following decompressive surgery for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in dogs may be associated with the development of poliomyelomalacia secondary to ischemia

July, 2020Administration of pregabalin as an adjunctive treatment to opioids results in reduction of post-operative pain behaviour in dogs that have been surgically treated for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH)

July, 2020Approximately 15% of spinal cord injury dogs may develop chronic neuropathic pain which may go unrecognised by the owner

July, 2020Long‐term survival for dogs with surgically managed spontaneous pneumothorax is good and associated with a low risk of recurrence

July, 2020Post operative complications are common in dogs undergoing surgery for intussusception, including a 14% risk of life threatening short term complications

July, 2020An overnight delay before spinal decompression increases the risk of clinically meaningful deterioration in dogs presenting with grade 3 or 4 thoracolumbar disc extrusion

July, 2020Markedly prolonged anaesthesia might negatively affect recovery in severely affected dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH)

June, 2023

November, 2022

November, 2022

November, 2022

August, 2022

July, 2022

June, 2022

May, 2022

March, 2022Study shows that the urinary cortisol-creatinine ratio appears to be a valuable and reliable screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. The most significant advantage of this test is the need for only a single urine sample

November, 2021Study shows that low concentrations of serum magnesium occur in approximately one fifth of all dogs with ionised hypocalcaemia

July, 2021Glucose concentration measured in whole blood by a veterinary portable handheld glucometer was more accurate and more strongly correlated with the glucose concentration measured by a biochemical analyser compared to plasma and serum glucose concentrations

July, 2021Weakness, epileptic seizures and changes in mentation or behaviour were the most commonly reported signs in a retrospective multicentre study of dogs with insulinoma

May, 2021Prevalence of UK dogs with hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) reported at 0.06%

February, 2021Patients receiving lower concentrations of regular insulin used in continuous rate infusions, especially cats and small dogs, may require more time for resolution of hyperglycaemia and ketonaemia

October, 2020A new protocol based on the i/m administration of insulin lispro was shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of DKA in dogs but further studies are required to validate the treatment protocol

September, 2023

August, 2023

August, 2023

August, 2023

July, 2023

June, 2023

June, 2023

May, 2023

April, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

February, 2023

February, 2023

February, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

December, 2022

November, 2022

November, 2022

October, 2022Study finds that although complications of feeding tubes in cats were frequent, they were mostly mild, easily managed and did not preclude feeding tube use

September, 2022

July, 2022

March, 2022Study found no clear adverse outcomes associated with gastric digestion of bones, or with gastric advancement and digestion of bones initially entrapped in the oesophagus in dogs

March, 2022Study shows that over 50% of dogs that recover from parvoviral enteritis are reported to suffer from persistent GI signs at follow up, highlighting the importance of prevention for this disease

March, 2022Study shows that the specificity of canine parvovirus PCR is affected by vaccination, especially during the first 3 weeks after vaccination and when samples are obtained from the rectum or blood

March, 2022Study demonstrated that a high survival-to-discharge rate can be achieved in dogs requiring surgery for treatment of an oesophageal foreign body

February, 2022Study shows that severe mucosal damage and associated barrier dysfunction e.g. acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea, may trigger chronic GI disease later in life in dogs

January, 2022Large prospective study describes the clinical features, concurrent disorders and survival time in cats with suppurative cholangiohepatitis syndrome

January, 2022Results of a large prospective study show a strong association between bacterial infection and cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome and concludes that antimicrobial therapy should be the cornerstone of case management in this condition along with appropriate surgical interventions

January, 2022Study suggests that in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign bodies, if increased heart rate or a greater vomiting severity score with the inability to retain water is identified in the presurgical work-up, the clinician should have an increased index of suspicion for poor intestinal viability and the need for enterectomy versus enterotomy

December, 2021RCVS knowledge summary concludes that ventricular tachycardia may be associated with an increase in mortality rates in patients with GDV

December, 2021Study suggests that DGGR lipase could support a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis if point of care or quantitative cPL results are not available or if there are financial limitations in performing other diagnostic tests

November, 2021In dogs affected by GDV, fluid resuscitation with an intravenous bolus of either 10 ml/kg hydroxyethylene starch (130/0.4) 4ml/kg hypertonic saline (7.5%) caused a similar tendency toward hypocoagulability

October, 2021Case report describes two fatalities caused by misplaced nasogastric feeding tubes and highlights both the risk factors for feeding tube complications and the methods to prevent future fatalities

October, 2021Probing the spaces between suture bites of canine cadaveric intestinal anastomoses using a fine tipped curved Hartmen mosquito haemostat was highly sensitive at detecting gaps compared with leak testing and offers surgeons an alternative to detect suture gaps that may contribute to postoperative dehiscence

September, 2021In some dogs with clinical signs of acute pancreatitis, serum canine pancreatic lipase concentration may be a more sensitive early diagnostic tool than abdominal ultrasound as findings on ultrasound may not occur until later during hospitalisation

August, 2021Intraoperative leak testing of small intestinal enterotomy closures may be rendered more sensitive and precise by the use of air instead of saline as the infusate

June, 2021Study shows stomach volume to be < 2ml/100g bodyweight in one day old puppies and kittens which contradicts the feeding instructions for a maximum of 4-5 ml milk replacer/100g of bodyweight

June, 2021Mild splenomegaly should be expected in cats following i/m sedation with alfaxalone 2 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg

June, 2021Study showed that only 17.1% of cats and dogs with small intestinal dilation, regardless of severity of dilation or extent of small intestine affected, resolved with medical management alone

June, 2021Intestinal resection and anastomosis is associated with a higher risk of intestinal dehiscence than enterotomy in the surgical management of intestinal obstruction secondary to foreign body ingestion

May, 2021Cats with septic peritonitis that survive the postoperative period have a favourable prognosis

May, 2021Gorilla Glue ingestion found to be an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs with a radiographic appearance that is similar to undigested kibble

May, 2021Study suggests early antibiotic administration and enteral nutrition are important determinants of outcome in canine septic shock

May, 2021No association found between intraoperative anastomotic leak testing and a reduction in postoperative dehiscence in dogs undergoing hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) or functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) of the small intestine

April, 202110 mg enteric coated omeprazole tablets are shown to be an effective gastric acid suppressant in healthy dogs

April, 2021Dogs with biliary rupture based on ultrasound findings may have normal total serum bilirubin values

April, 2021The commonly used SIRS criteria may not be good for identifying dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome that are in need of antimicrobial treatment, in particular when they are hypovolaemic

March, 2021Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio provide information regarding the course of acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats

March, 2021Case report describes caecal inversion as a cause of ileocolic intussusception in a 2 year old dog

March, 2021Azotaemic dogs receiving haemodialysis have a higher risk of oesophagostomy tube complications most probably relating to the presence of a neck bandage and associated poor stoma site hygiene

March, 2021Large retrospective study reported a 91% survival rates for dogs hospitalised with parvovirus enteritis. A low haematocrit, decreased blood glucose concentration or increased serum magnesium at presentation were all considered negative prognostic indicators for survival in this cohort of dogs

March, 2021A novel method of laparotomy-assisted transoral retrieval of gastrointestinal foreign bodies is described and may provide an alternative to gastrotomy in carefully selected cases

February, 2021The utility of abdominal ultrasound for the detection of grossly identifiable lesions in dogs with non-traumatic haemoperitoneum appears limited

February, 2021Double layer suture closure of canine partial gastrectomy was shown to achieve superior biomechanical properties compared to a stapled closure technique in a cadaver model. Reinforcement of single staple closures with an inverting Cushings suture pattern is recommended to improve resistance to leakage

January, 2021A staged technique of immediate decompressive and delayed surgical treatment of dogs with GDV reported a similar mortality rate (9%) to those from dogs undergoing immediate surgery but cannot be widely recommended but until definitive preoperative markers of gastric necrosis have been identified

January, 2021Earlier surgical treatment of stabilised dogs with gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction may reduce the requirement for complex procedures and may accelerate recovery

November, 2020Administration of gabapentin to cats appears to produce a similar effect on food intake to mirtazapine demonstrating this drugs potential to be used as an appetite stimulant in this species

September, 2020An aortic oesophageal fistula (AEF) should be considered in any patient with severe bleeding following oesophagoscopy. A history of haematemesis in a dog with an oesophageal foreign body should raise suspicion of the presence of an AEF and dictate case management accordingly

September, 2020Pneumocolonography (infusion of air into the rectum) is a simple, rapid, low morbidity test that can be done in cases of suspected colonic torsion in dogs. Many cases will show an abrupt tapering of the large bowel but it may be of minimal diagnostic value in mild cases

September, 2020Hyperimmune plasma (HIP) at 10 mL/kg i/v administered to dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV) within the first 6 hours of hospitalisation improves markers for shock during the initial 24 hours of hospitalisation but no effects were observed on duration of hospitalisation or mortality

August, 2020Report of a serious adverse event of gastrointestinal obstruction in a dog that necessitated enterotomy following routine multidose charcoal granule administration

August, 2020A new technique of endoscopic placement of a 2 step oesophageal/jejunal (OJ) feeding tube is described and can be recommended as a method for early nutritional support in dogs with severe uraemia

July, 2020Azotaemia and the presence of local or secondary complications were significantly associated with death in dogs with acute pancreatitis

July, 2020A positive Spec fPL result indicates that pancreatitis is a probable diagnosis in cats, but the test cannot be used to rule the diagnosis out

July, 2020Post operative complications are common in dogs undergoing surgery for intussusception, including a 14% risk of life threatening short term complications

August, 2023

August, 2023

July, 2023

June, 2023

May, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

January, 2023

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January, 2023

December, 2022

December, 2022

December, 2022

December, 2022

November, 2022

September, 2022

September, 2022

July, 2022

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July, 2022

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July, 2022

July, 2022

June, 2022Case study suggests that treatment with human intravenous immunoglobulin G (hIVIG) might cause drug-induced haemolytic anaemia in dogs

June, 2022Dilution of canine blood with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 670/0.75 and HES 130/0.4 at clinically relevant doses (10 and 30 ml/kg) led to significant hypocoagulability beyond simple dilutional effects as evaluated by dynamic viscoelastic coagulometry in healthy dogs

May, 2022Small prospective clinical study demonstrates that feline erythrocyte alloantibodies (FEA) can be detected from 5-400 days post transfusion in transfusion-naive FEA 1-negative cats, when transfused with FEA 1-positive blood

May, 2022This updated evaluation of the veterinary literature considered a number of additional conditions potentially associated with thrombosis in an effort to promote best practices for the use of antithrombotics in veterinary care

May, 2022Study shows that dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication present with diverse locations of haemorrhage and the majority of dogs had non cavitary haemorrhage noted

April, 2022Large prospective study demonstrates that the incidence of feline blood donation adverse reactions is low (1.14%)

April, 2022Cats placed on dual antithrombotic therapy with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban for an arterial thromboembolic event, lived longer and had fewer recurrences than reported from previous studies evaluating other antithrombotic regimes

March, 2022Study shows an increased risk of hypertension in dogs with nonassociative (primary) immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia

February, 2022Study showed that fresh feline RBCs exhibited no in vitro evidence of injury following passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter

January, 2022Small study shows that treatment of dogs with high dose IgM-enriched human IV immunoglobulin (Pentaglobin) in addition to glucocorticoids, is well tolerated in dogs with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia but no significant benefits were found compared to treatment with glucocorticoids alone

December, 2021The use of two common peristaltic infusion pumps in veterinary hospitals (NIKI V4 [Everest] and Infusomat FmS [B Braun]) were shown to produce levels of haemolysis that were not significantly different than that caused by gravity alone during transfusion of feline pRBCs at a rate of 25 ml/h

December, 2021Study of 106 dogs with non-traumatic hemoperitoneum finds no evidence to support a diagnosis of malignancy on the basis of ultrasonographic detection of a splenic cavitated lesion, and such a finding should therefore not influence any recommendation or decision regarding euthanasia

November, 2021In dogs affected by GDV, fluid resuscitation with an intravenous bolus of either 10 ml/kg hydroxyethylene starch (130/0.4) 4ml/kg hypertonic saline (7.5%) caused a similar tendency toward hypocoagulability

October, 2021A preliminary study of canine acute spontaneous haemoperitoneum did not identify a significant difference in the ability to achieve cardiovascular stabilisation in the first 12 hours in dogs that underwent early surgical intervention versus those that were managed medically however, a significantly higher proportion of early surgical cases were discharged from hospital

September, 2021Recipient EDTA plasma and serum are both deemed acceptable for use in canine major crossmatch reactions. EDTA plasma might be preferable to detect weak agglutination with more sensitivity and a reduced recipient blood volume is needed to complete the crossmatch reaction

August, 2021Study shows good agreement between the use of a commercially available point-of-care haematocrit meter and a lab analyser in the evaluation of blood samples in dogs and cats

June, 2021There was poor agreement between a non-antiglobulin-enhanced gel point-of-care major crossmatch method versus a feline-specific antiglobulin-enhanced tube agglutination method performed in a reference laboratory

April, 2021Despite a bias toward dogs being refractory to initial immunosuppression, dogs with immune mediated haemolytic disease that were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange had a similar outcome to dogs treated medically

February, 2021The utility of abdominal ultrasound for the detection of grossly identifiable lesions in dogs with non-traumatic haemoperitoneum appears limited

February, 2021Anaphylaxis-related hemoperitoneum in 11 dogs

February, 2021Fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or a three-fold greater volume of isotonic crystalloid solution resulted in significant changes in both standard coagulation parameters and ROTEM assays in dogs presenting with spontaneous haemoperitoneum and the ROTEM effects were more pronounced after HES

February, 2021Commonly used rapid infusion techniques in small animal transfusion medicine do NOT cause significant iatrogenic haemolysis of canine packed red blood cells in vitro

January, 2021Neutrophil counts should be monitored in dogs receiving vincristine treatment for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP), especially if administered with cyclosporine

January, 2021Compared to laboratory methods, point-of-care crossmatch tests are shown to lack sensitivity for detecting incompatibilities in critically ill dogs giving rise to the possibility of false negative results

December, 2020Lower saline‐to‐blood ratio results should not be used for a diagnosis of IMHA in dogs because false‐positive results are common

November, 2020In dogs undergoing splenectomy, a liver biopsy taken from grossly normal liver is a low-yield diagnostic test but liver biopsy is recommended following splenectomy if the liver appears abnormal at surgery

November, 2020Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) and aortic thromboembolism (ATE) are the most common causes of acute paralysis in dogs and cats presenting to an emergency clinic

September, 2020An aortic oesophageal fistula (AEF) should be considered in any patient with severe bleeding following oesophagoscopy. A history of haematemesis in a dog with an oesophageal foreign body should raise suspicion of the presence of an AEF and dictate case management accordingly

September, 202016% of cats administered fresh frozen plasma (FFP) experienced a possible adverse transfusion reaction (ATR) which was mild and had no significant impact on survival. The most common ATR was increased body temperature, followed by dyspnoea/tachypnoea

August, 2020Clinically relevant dose of hypertonic saline (7.5% NaCl) at 5 ml/kg does not affect whole blood coagulation significantly in healthy beagles

July, 2020In dogs with immune mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT), Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) was shown to be safe and was associated with improved platelet counts and clinical manifestations of bleeding in 3 out of 4 dogs with severe or refractory disease

August, 2023

July, 2023

June, 2023

May, 2023

April, 2023

March, 2023

January, 2023

December, 2022

December, 2022

November, 2022

September, 2022The bacterial strains recovered from a population of dogs with pyometra showed a high percentage of resistance and low production of virulence factors, suggesting that occurrence of pyometra might be more associated with host-related factors than bacterial virulence

July, 2022

May, 2022With basic, nonspecialised supportive care, bitches with surgically treated pyometra (ovariohysterectomy) have a survival rate to hospital discharge of 97%

May, 2022Surgically treated pyometra in dogs has a 97% survival rate regardless of surgeon experience, hospitalisation duration or treatment delay

May, 2022Study finds that 100% of queens with pyometra treated with ovariohysterectomy (OHE) survived to hospital discharge

March, 2022Study shows that over 50% of dogs that recover from parvoviral enteritis are reported to suffer from persistent GI signs at follow up, highlighting the importance of prevention for this disease

March, 2022Study shows that the specificity of canine parvovirus PCR is affected by vaccination, especially during the first 3 weeks after vaccination and when samples are obtained from the rectum or blood

March, 2022In dogs with pyometra, the quick sequential [Sepsis-related] Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score was associated with mortality and length of hospitalisation and might be a useful tool to improve the risk stratification in this cohort of dogs

January, 2022Results of a large prospective study show a strong association between bacterial infection and cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome and concludes that antimicrobial therapy should be the cornerstone of case management in this condition along with appropriate surgical interventions

January, 2022Dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis and other causes of surgically treated sepsis with a quick sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment score (qSOFA) ≥ 2 may have a higher risk of in-hospital mortality

December, 2021A recent RCVS knowledge summary found there is weak evidence supporting IDEXX Angio Detect™ as a highly specific and moderately sensitive diagnostic test when compared to Baermann coprology

November, 2021Respiratory complications such as aspiration pneumonia and upper airway obstruction are common in dogs with tetanus and are associated with a high mortality rate. This knowledge could help guide clinicians to make proactive choices to decrease the incidence of such complications and may allow a more informed discussion of risks with clients

November, 2021New study describes the CT findings, management and short-term outcome of a large population of canine pyothorax cases and reports that mortality is low and that most dogs that died, did so within 48 hours of hospitalisation regardless of management type

August, 2021The prevalence of canine tetanus in England is significantly higher in winter months, especially in February

May, 2021Study recommends that bacterial culture and sensitivity testing should be performed in all dogs presenting with keratomalacia (melting corneal ulcer) because of the variation in antibacterial sensitivity of the two most common bacterial species

May, 2021Cats with septic peritonitis that survive the postoperative period have a favourable prognosis

May, 2021Despite a higher baseline risk of mortality, no difference in survival was found in dogs with septic shock treated with hydrocortisone versus those not treated

May, 2021Study suggests early antibiotic administration and enteral nutrition are important determinants of outcome in canine septic shock

March, 2021Large retrospective study reported a 91% survival rates for dogs hospitalised with parvovirus enteritis. A low haematocrit, decreased blood glucose concentration or increased serum magnesium at presentation were all considered negative prognostic indicators for survival in this cohort of dogs

December, 2020When compared with other causes of intrinsic acute kidney injury (iAKI) canine leptospirosis was shown to be characterised by increased glucosuria and higher fractional excretion of potassium

September, 2020Hyperimmune plasma (HIP) at 10 mL/kg i/v administered to dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV) within the first 6 hours of hospitalisation improves markers for shock during the initial 24 hours of hospitalisation but no effects were observed on duration of hospitalisation or mortality

July, 2020Routine bacterial culturing of acute wounds is unlikely to help predict subsequent wound infection, nor is it likely to accurately guide early selection of antimicrobials to treat wounds that become infected

May, 2023

April, 2023

April, 2023

February, 2023

February, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

January, 2023

November, 2022

October, 2022

September, 2022

August, 2022

July, 2022

July, 2022

May, 2022Study demonstrates that C-reactive protein and quality of life scoring may be useful markers in guiding the duration of antimicrobial treatment for dogs with aspiration pneumonia

March, 2022Resolution of lung consolidations on lung ultrasound and normalisation of C-reactive protein concentrations seem to be the monitoring tools that most closely follow clinical findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia in dogs

March, 2022Study shows that the urinary cortisol-creatinine ratio appears to be a valuable and reliable screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. The most significant advantage of this test is the need for only a single urine sample

March, 2022Study shows that the specificity of canine parvovirus PCR is affected by vaccination, especially during the first 3 weeks after vaccination and when samples are obtained from the rectum or blood

February, 2022A large study of dogs and cats admitted to an ER demonstrated that substantial increases in plasma lactate over the 6 hours following admission were associated with high mortality and a delta lactate > 4.5 mmol/L was 100% specific for death

December, 2021Creatinine concentration at 48 hours (Crea48) is a strong predictor for short- and medium-term survival in cats with acute on chronic kidney disease in cats

December, 2021Study suggests that DGGR lipase could support a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis if point of care or quantitative cPL results are not available or if there are financial limitations in performing other diagnostic tests

November, 2021Study in non-azotaemic hospitalised dogs showed that increased serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration at presentation, when concurrent serum Creatinine (Cr) concentration was within the reference interval, showed moderate predictive performance for acute kidney injury (AKI)

November, 2021Study shows that low concentrations of serum magnesium occur in approximately one fifth of all dogs with ionised hypocalcaemia

September, 2021In some dogs with clinical signs of acute pancreatitis, serum canine pancreatic lipase concentration may be a more sensitive early diagnostic tool than abdominal ultrasound as findings on ultrasound may not occur until later during hospitalisation

September, 2021Recipient EDTA plasma and serum are both deemed acceptable for use in canine major crossmatch reactions. EDTA plasma might be preferable to detect weak agglutination with more sensitivity and a reduced recipient blood volume is needed to complete the crossmatch reaction

August, 2021Study shows good agreement between the use of a commercially available point-of-care haematocrit meter and a lab analyser in the evaluation of blood samples in dogs and cats

July, 2021Glucose concentration measured in whole blood by a veterinary portable handheld glucometer was more accurate and more strongly correlated with the glucose concentration measured by a biochemical analyser compared to plasma and serum glucose concentrations

June, 2021Study shows that serial lactate concentration is superior to single admission lactate concentration in predicting mortality in dogs with shock and questions the ability of the APPLEfast score to discriminate between hospital survivors and non survivors in this population of dogs

June, 2021Transient postictal hyperammonaemia can be found in cats with epileptic seizures without concurrent signs of liver failure therefore epileptic seizures should be an important addition to the differential list of feline patients with hyperammonaemia

June, 2021There was poor agreement between a non-antiglobulin-enhanced gel point-of-care major crossmatch method versus a feline-specific antiglobulin-enhanced tube agglutination method performed in a reference laboratory

May, 2021Study recommends that bacterial culture and sensitivity testing should be performed in all dogs presenting with keratomalacia (melting corneal ulcer) because of the variation in antibacterial sensitivity of the two most common bacterial species

April, 2021Study demonstrates that clinical signs, serum creatinine and SDMA are of limited diagnostic use to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) in European adder (Vipera berus) envenomation however AKI biomarkers are commonly increased 36 hrs after the bite suggesting that hospitalisation and supportive treatment of these dogs is sensible

March, 2021In dogs with presumptive sepsis, hypophosphataemia was not associated with outcome

March, 2021Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio provide information regarding the course of acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats

March, 2021Large retrospective study reported a 91% survival rates for dogs hospitalised with parvovirus enteritis. A low haematocrit, decreased blood glucose concentration or increased serum magnesium at presentation were all considered negative prognostic indicators for survival in this cohort of dogs

January, 2021Compared to laboratory methods, point-of-care crossmatch tests are shown to lack sensitivity for detecting incompatibilities in critically ill dogs giving rise to the possibility of false negative results

December, 2020Blood samples analysed for lactate after a delay of greater than 7.5 minutes at room temperature in dogs should be interpreted with caution

December, 2020When compared with other causes of intrinsic acute kidney injury (iAKI) canine leptospirosis was shown to be characterised by increased glucosuria and higher fractional excretion of potassium

December, 2020Knowledge of positive allergen specific IgE results could guide allergen avoidance in asthmatic cats

December, 2020Finding a cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration above the current reference interval (>2.5 mmol/l) in dogs with seizures, may be a useful, rapid way to identify dogs at risk for structural epilepsy

December, 2020Lower saline‐to‐blood ratio results should not be used for a diagnosis of IMHA in dogs because false‐positive results are common

September, 2020Non diabetic dogs evaluated in the emergency room (ER) with shock or hyperlactataemia had higher blood glucose (BG) values than those with normal perfusion and plasma lactate concentrations suggesting the existence of physiologic stress hyperglycaemia in this species

August, 2020Hypotensive dogs and cats with severe azotaemia have lower plasma lactate concentrations compared to hypotensive non-azotaemic dogs and cats which may have implications when using lactate as a guide for resuscitation and vasopressor therapy

July, 2020A positive Spec fPL result indicates that pancreatitis is a probable diagnosis in cats, but the test cannot be used to rule the diagnosis out

July, 2020No single clinical sign, radiographic finding or laboratory diagnostic test can be used to distinguish between feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

August, 2023

August, 2023

June, 2023

May, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

February, 2023

February, 2023

January, 2023

December, 2022

December, 2022

December, 2022

November, 2022

November, 2022

October, 2022

September, 2022

September, 2022

September, 2022

August, 2022

June, 2022The incidence of symptomatic Vitis fruit-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs and cats appears to be low (1%), especially if decontamination measures are applied

May, 2022Dogs that recover from acute kidney injury (AKI) and survive >30 days have a good long term prognosis

May, 2022Prazosin administration increases the risk of recurrent urethral obstruction (rUO) in cats within 14 days

April, 2022Study shows that cats fed a predominantly dry diet were 15.9 times more likely to develop a ureteral obstruction than cats eating a predominantly moist food

March, 2022Large study describes the occurrence and clinical management of urethral obstruction in male cats under UK veterinary primary care

March, 2022Study shows that the case fatality rate of dogs with acute kidney injury is more favourable than has been previously documented

December, 2021A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, blinded study with 65 male, castrated and obstructed cats showed that prazosin administered at 0.5 mg PO q12h for 7 days did not decrease the rate of recurrent urethral obstruction versus placebo

December, 2021Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device placement with intraoperative ultrasound guidance is an effective alternative for the treatment of ureteral obstruction in cats and may be a more accessible option when a trained veterinarian does not have access to fluoroscopy

December, 2021Creatinine concentration at 48 hours (Crea48) is a strong predictor for short- and medium-term survival in cats with acute on chronic kidney disease in cats

November, 2021An increase in the length difference between kidneys can indicate ureteral obstruction, but cannot predict outcome for “big kidney, little kidney” (BKLK) cats

November, 2021Study in non-azotaemic hospitalised dogs showed that increased serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration at presentation, when concurrent serum Creatinine (Cr) concentration was within the reference interval, showed moderate predictive performance for acute kidney injury (AKI)

November, 2021Another study confirms that subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device placement is associated with good outcomes and could be considered for the treatment of bilateral ureteral obstruction in cats

November, 2021An increase in the length difference between kidneys can indicate ureteral obstruction, but cannot predict outcome for “big kidney, little kidney” (BKLK) cats

October, 2021Absence of significant renal pelvis dilation does not rule out ureteral obstruction in cats

June, 2021Study investigates the signalment, presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of dogs diagnosed with detrusor urethral dyssynergy

May, 2021In cats presenting with urethral obstruction, survey radiography performed before unobstructing the urethra helps identify causes and locations for urethral obstruction, compared with survey radiography performed after unobstructing the urethra

May, 2021Clinical trial findings do not support an association between HES and AKI in dogs

April, 2021Study demonstrates that clinical signs, serum creatinine and SDMA are of limited diagnostic use to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) in European adder (Vipera berus) envenomation however AKI biomarkers are commonly increased 36 hrs after the bite suggesting that hospitalisation and supportive treatment of these dogs is sensible

March, 2021Azotaemic dogs receiving haemodialysis have a higher risk of oesophagostomy tube complications most probably relating to the presence of a neck bandage and associated poor stoma site hygiene

March, 2021Study found there was no evidence for, or against the use of decompressive cystocentesis in the management of cats with urethral obstruction

February, 2021Results of a large retrospective study into Vitis vinifera fruit ingestion in dogs suggest that emesis should be induced even if > 4 hours have passed since ingestion and even if >12 hrs have passed if the patient is showing clinical signs

January, 2021In cats with benign ureteral obstruction, the placement of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass is associated with a high rate of complications but a median survival time of > 2 years suggesting that most of the complications are manageable

December, 2020When compared with other causes of intrinsic acute kidney injury (iAKI) canine leptospirosis was shown to be characterised by increased glucosuria and higher fractional excretion of potassium

November, 2020Short-term outcome of dogs with acute on chronic kidney disease (ACKD) is comparable to those with acute kidney injury (AKI) but long-term prognosis is guarded. The IRIS AKI grade at presentation is a prognostic indicator of short-term outcome

August, 2020Hypotensive dogs and cats with severe azotaemia have lower plasma lactate concentrations compared to hypotensive non-azotaemic dogs and cats which may have implications when using lactate as a guide for resuscitation and vasopressor therapy

August, 2020A new technique of endoscopic placement of a 2 step oesophageal/jejunal (OJ) feeding tube is described and can be recommended as a method for early nutritional support in dogs with severe uraemia

July, 2020Azotaemia and the presence of local or secondary complications were significantly associated with death in dogs with acute pancreatitis

July, 2020Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass (SUB) placement is shown to be an effective short-term treatment option for benign ureteral obstructions in dogs

July, 2020Acute on chronic kidney disease (ACKD) in cats has a short term outcome comparable to acute kidney injury (AKI) however long term prognosis is guarded (MST 66 days. The presence of weight loss may help differentiate ACKD from AKI

August, 2023

August, 2023

June, 2023

May, 2023

May, 2023

May, 2023

April, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

February, 2023

January, 2023

December, 2022

December, 2022

November, 2022

September, 2022Study demonstrated that Ondansetron substantially and rapidly decreased clinical signs of nausea behaviour and stopped emesis associated with acute vestibular syndrome in dogs

September, 2022

August, 2022

August, 2022

July, 2022

July, 2022

July, 2022

June, 2022Following successful initial medical or surgical treatment, clinical signs consistent with recurrent cervical disc extrusion occurred with similar frequency in dogs

June, 2022Cats undergoing spinal decompressive surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) appear to have a favourable prognosis independent of the initial presenting grade of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)

May, 2022Review article suggests a drastic reconsideration of our treatment protocols of status epilepticus

March, 2022Study highlights the risks for short term mortality and recurrence in dogs with status epilepticus

January, 2022Study demonstrates that dogs with brain herniation have significantly higher SBP, greater difference between SBP and HR and lower MGCS score at admission compared to dogs with a normal brain MRI

January, 2022Study documents that, consistent with the findings in humans, hyperglycaemia may be associated with decreased survival in dogs (but not cats) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and confirms that although MGCS may be predictive of survival in both dogs and cats, a single value should not be used in isolation to prognosticate survival in this population of animals

December, 2021RCVS knowledge summary concludes that computed tomography is likely sufficient for the diagnosis and surgical planning of intervertebral disc disease in Dachshunds

November, 2021Respiratory complications such as aspiration pneumonia and upper airway obstruction are common in dogs with tetanus and are associated with a high mortality rate. This knowledge could help guide clinicians to make proactive choices to decrease the incidence of such complications and may allow a more informed discussion of risks with clients

August, 2021The prevalence of canine tetanus in England is significantly higher in winter months, especially in February

August, 2021Discrete clinical features may help to guide clinical reasoning when assessing cats with vestibular presentations

July, 2021Weakness, epileptic seizures and changes in mentation or behaviour were the most commonly reported signs in a retrospective multicentre study of dogs with insulinoma

June, 2021Transient postictal hyperammonaemia can be found in cats with epileptic seizures without concurrent signs of liver failure therefore epileptic seizures should be an important addition to the differential list of feline patients with hyperammonaemia

June, 2021Study provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of ondansetron to treat nausea in dogs with vestibular disease

April, 2021Early computed tomography (CT) in dogs following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has limited value in predicting short-term prognosis

April, 2021Retrospective study shows that discrete clinical features can be used to identify the most likely diagnosis in dogs with vestibular disease

February, 2021Recent study reported the prevalence of phenobarbitone associated adverse effects in epileptic cats to be 47% with sedation and ataxia being the most common

January, 2021Association of magnetic resonance assessed disc degeneration and late clinical recurrence in dogs treated surgically for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions

January, 2021Midazolam CRI appears safe and may be an effective treatment in dogs with cluster seizures (CS) or status epilepticus (SE)

December, 2020Finding a cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration above the current reference interval (>2.5 mmol/l) in dogs with seizures, may be a useful, rapid way to identify dogs at risk for structural epilepsy

December, 2020Study provides useful benchmarking information for practitioners on the causes, diagnostic evaluation and management of seizures in UK practices

November, 2020Large study provides estimates for the prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy and structural epilepsy in dogs undergoing MRI for the investigation of epileptic seizures

November, 2020Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) and aortic thromboembolism (ATE) are the most common causes of acute paralysis in dogs and cats presenting to an emergency clinic

October, 2020In dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion, an intravenous injection of morphine does not affect the modified Frankel score after 30 min compared with the pre-injection value

October, 2020In dogs with Status epilepticus (SE) or cluster seizures presented to a teaching hospital, first seizure outside the defined idiopathic interval of 6mths to 6 years, absence of previous antiepileptic drug therapy in a dog with a history of seizures and hyperthermia at presentation were associated with a poor outcome

October, 2020Dry-needle acupuncture performed prior to surgery helps to decrease perioperative analgesic use and to may improve the quality of perioperative analgesia in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE)

October, 202090 % of cats with sacrocaudal luxation regained the ability to urinate voluntarily and 87% of cats that regained urinary function did so within the first 30 days. Regaining voluntary urination was significantly associated with neurological grade and the ability to control defaecation

September, 2020Study demonstrated strong breed predispositions for vestibular disease in dogs with Spaniel types and brachycephalic types most commonly affected

August, 2020Dramatic neurological deterioration following decompressive surgery for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in dogs may be associated with the development of poliomyelomalacia secondary to ischemia

August, 2020Report of successful management of super-refractory status epilepticus in three dogs with a ketamine-dexmedetomidine infusion combined with mild induced hypothermia

July, 2020Administration of pregabalin as an adjunctive treatment to opioids results in reduction of post-operative pain behaviour in dogs that have been surgically treated for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH)

July, 2020Approximately 15% of spinal cord injury dogs may develop chronic neuropathic pain which may go unrecognised by the owner

July, 2020An overnight delay before spinal decompression increases the risk of clinically meaningful deterioration in dogs presenting with grade 3 or 4 thoracolumbar disc extrusion

July, 2020Markedly prolonged anaesthesia might negatively affect recovery in severely affected dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH)

July, 2023

March, 2023

November, 2022

May, 2022

December, 2021Study found that most compounded famciclovir formulations were inaccurate, imprecise and inconsistent and suggested that tablets may be preferred over compounded famciclovir formulations for the management of feline herpesvirus - 1

May, 2021Study recommends that bacterial culture and sensitivity testing should be performed in all dogs presenting with keratomalacia (melting corneal ulcer) because of the variation in antibacterial sensitivity of the two most common bacterial species

February, 2021The instillation of topical NSAIDs to the eyes of healthy cats did not induce any changes in corneal sensitivity and therefore did not induce corneal hypoesthesia. It is not yet known if the same is true for cats with diseased corneas

October, 2020Transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter is a non-invasive, low cost method that may serve as an additional tool to help identify cats with intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) where invasive measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) is contraindicated or unavailable

August, 2023

August, 2023

August, 2023

November, 2022

November, 2022

November, 2022

November, 2022

April, 2022Cats placed on dual antithrombotic therapy with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban for an arterial thromboembolic event, lived longer and had fewer recurrences than reported from previous studies evaluating other antithrombotic regimes

March, 2022Study shows that carprofen has low excretion into milk and may provide an analgesic alternative for lactating bitches without mastitis

January, 2022Study in cats shows that the intrarenal injection method for euthanasia results in rapid cardiopulmonary arrest with few agonal reactions in most patients

December, 2021Study found that most compounded famciclovir formulations were inaccurate, imprecise and inconsistent and suggested that tablets may be preferred over compounded famciclovir formulations for the management of feline herpesvirus - 1

November, 2021Study demonstrates that gingival administration of apomorphine is easy, appears to be safe, and is an effective method of inducing emesis in the dog

August, 2021Study shows that the time from drug administration to emesis was significantly shorter in dogs administered apomorphine via the i/v route compared to the s/c route suggesting that i/v is the route of choice if a dog has ingested toxicants associated with rapid gastrointestinal absorption

June, 2021Study provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of ondansetron to treat nausea in dogs with vestibular disease

May, 2021Despite a higher baseline risk of mortality, no difference in survival was found in dogs with septic shock treated with hydrocortisone versus those not treated

May, 2021No difference was found in the rate of resolution of signs between dogs treated with diphenhydramine alone vs in combination with dexamethasone sodium phosphate (SP) as part of initial treatment for the uncomplicated allergic reaction

April, 202110 mg enteric coated omeprazole tablets are shown to be an effective gastric acid suppressant in healthy dogs

March, 2021Latest randomised controlled trial concludes that although pimobendan appears safe in cats with HCM, no benefit on 180-day outcome was identified

February, 2021Latest randomised controlled trial concludes that although pimobendan appears safe in cats with HCM, no benefit on 180-day outcome was identified

February, 2021Recent study reported the prevalence of phenobarbitone associated adverse effects in epileptic cats to be 47% with sedation and ataxia being the most common

February, 2021The instillation of topical NSAIDs to the eyes of healthy cats did not induce any changes in corneal sensitivity and therefore did not induce corneal hypoesthesia. It is not yet known if the same is true for cats with diseased corneas

February, 2021Patients receiving lower concentrations of regular insulin used in continuous rate infusions, especially cats and small dogs, may require more time for resolution of hyperglycaemia and ketonaemia

January, 2021Neutrophil counts should be monitored in dogs receiving vincristine treatment for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP), especially if administered with cyclosporine

January, 2021Midazolam CRI appears safe and may be an effective treatment in dogs with cluster seizures (CS) or status epilepticus (SE)

January, 2021Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after intravenous and oral administration in fasted and fed Labrador Retriever dogs

December, 2020The administration of pimobendan to cats with cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure did not demonstrate a survival benefit but appears well tolerated, regardless of the presence of outflow tract obstruction

November, 2020Administration of gabapentin to cats appears to produce a similar effect on food intake to mirtazapine demonstrating this drugs potential to be used as an appetite stimulant in this species

October, 2020A new protocol based on the i/m administration of insulin lispro was shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of DKA in dogs but further studies are required to validate the treatment protocol

September, 2020Torasemide was shown to be effective and safe to use in cats with congestive heart failure (CGF) as a first-line and second-line loop diuretic treatment

September, 2020Torasemide is shown to be noninferior to furosemide as first line oral (PO) treatment for new onset congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) in dogs. It also has the advantage of increased owner compliance (due to once daily dosing) and less than half the risk of cardiac death, euthanasia or worsening CHF compared to furosemide

August, 2020Report of successful management of super-refractory status epilepticus in three dogs with a ketamine-dexmedetomidine infusion combined with mild induced hypothermia

August, 2020First report to describe the successful use of amiodarone in a cat experiencing persistent ventricular tachycardia, having been resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) secondary to ventricular fibrillation

July, 2020Administration of pregabalin as an adjunctive treatment to opioids results in reduction of post-operative pain behaviour in dogs that have been surgically treated for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH)

July, 2023

June, 2023

June, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

October, 2022Study shows that neonatal survival following c-section in brachycephalic dogs is higher than what has been previously reported and is similar to non-brachycephalic dogs

September, 2022Questionnaire based study calculates the risk of caesarean section in lesser known breeds with some surprising results

September, 2022The bacterial strains recovered from a population of dogs with pyometra showed a high percentage of resistance and low production of virulence factors, suggesting that occurrence of pyometra might be more associated with host-related factors than bacterial virulence

July, 2022

July, 2022

June, 2022Study investigates fertility after caesarean section in dogs

May, 2022With basic, nonspecialised supportive care, bitches with surgically treated pyometra (ovariohysterectomy) have a survival rate to hospital discharge of 97%

May, 2022Surgically treated pyometra in dogs has a 97% survival rate regardless of surgeon experience, hospitalisation duration or treatment delay

May, 2022Study finds that 100% of queens with pyometra treated with ovariohysterectomy (OHE) survived to hospital discharge

May, 2022

April, 2022Study shows that feline dystocia can result in up to 34% mortality for kittens delivered via both medical and surgical means and that hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia were not precipitating causes of feline dystocia in this population of cats

March, 2022Study shows that carprofen has low excretion into milk and may provide an analgesic alternative for lactating bitches without mastitis

March, 2022In dogs with pyometra, the quick sequential [Sepsis-related] Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score was associated with mortality and length of hospitalisation and might be a useful tool to improve the risk stratification in this cohort of dogs

September, 2021For dogs undergoing caesarean section, obstructive dystocia and anaesthesia time were associated with increased neonatal mortality rate indicating that expediency in decision making and prompt entry into the operating room are critical for success

June, 2021Study shows stomach volume to be < 2ml/100g bodyweight in one day old puppies and kittens which contradicts the feeding instructions for a maximum of 4-5 ml milk replacer/100g of bodyweight

June, 2023

April, 2023

March, 2023

March, 2023

February, 2023

October, 2022

September, 2022

May, 2022Study demonstrates that C-reactive protein and quality of life scoring may be useful markers in guiding the duration of antimicrobial treatment for dogs with aspiration pneumonia

May, 2022Study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a population of dogs with negative-pressure pulmonary oedema and identifies the main causes of disease

May, 2022Study showed that administration of cytidine diphosphocholine to dogs with spontaneously occurring mild acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by aspiration pneumonia rapidly and significantly improved gas exchange with minimal adverse effects

May, 2022

March, 2022Resolution of lung consolidations on lung ultrasound and normalisation of C-reactive protein concentrations seem to be the monitoring tools that most closely follow clinical findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia in dogs

March, 2022Study shows that congestive heart failure is the most common cause of pleural effusion in cats

December, 2021A recent RCVS knowledge summary found there is weak evidence supporting IDEXX Angio Detect™ as a highly specific and moderately sensitive diagnostic test when compared to Baermann coprology

December, 2021History and physical examination findings are more useful predictors of a diagnosis of inflammatory lower airway disease in cats than venous blood gas variables

December, 2021An RCVS knowledge summary concluded that overall, there was not sufficient evidence reporting if timing of surgical intervention influenced the mortality rate in dogs and cats with traumatic diaphragmatic rupture and therefore currently clear recommendations cannot be made

December, 2021Study challenges the blanket prescription of antimicrobials in dogs with aspiration as some dogs may have a potentially self-limiting pneumonitis rather than develop a bacterial pneumonia

November, 2021Respiratory complications such as aspiration pneumonia and upper airway obstruction are common in dogs with tetanus and are associated with a high mortality rate. This knowledge could help guide clinicians to make proactive choices to decrease the incidence of such complications and may allow a more informed discussion of risks with clients

November, 2021New study describes the CT findings, management and short-term outcome of a large population of canine pyothorax cases and reports that mortality is low and that most dogs that died, did so within 48 hours of hospitalisation regardless of management type

November, 2021Study shows that contrary to published antimicrobial use guidelines for respiratory tract disease in dogs, airway sampling is rarely performed when there is clinical suspicion of aspiration pneumonia

September, 2021A total of 58.3% of dogs receiving closed chest CPR sustained iatrogenic complications

June, 2021Recent study demonstrated more improvement in hypoxaemia and increase oxygen‐free days in dogs with airway fluid accumulation receiving passive slow expiratory forms of chest physiotherapy as compared with control dogs with similar medical treatment

June, 2021Short-term recurrence of pneumothorax in dogs with primary spontaneous pneumothorax may be due to failure to identify causative lesions during the initial thoracic exploration

May, 2021The 5th intercostal space left lateral thoracotomy is preferred for most manipulations required for open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in medium-sized dogs